"[155], On 26 May 2008, the IAEA issued another regular report on the implementation of safeguards in Iran.[160]. [103], In February 2005, Iran pressed the EU-3 to speed up talks, which the EU-3 refused to do so. [23], In 1967, the Tehran Nuclear Research Center (TNRC) was established, run by the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI). [33][35] Iran has later argued that these experiences indicate foreign facilities and foreign fuel supplies are an unreliable source of nuclear fuel supply. 86, Autumn 2007, Rethinking Security Interests for a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone in the Middle East, Rebecca Johnson", The first-ever English-language website about Iran's nuclear energy program, Annotated bibliography for the Iranian nuclear weapons program from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues, South Pars/North Dome Gas-Condensate field, National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company, DESA - Iran Heavy Diesel Manufacturing Company, Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry, Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights, Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush, Prisoner exchanges between Iran and United States, U.S. raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil, 2009–11 detention of American hikers by Iran, Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (Iran), Alleged Violations of the 1955 Treaty of Amity (Iran v. United States), Arab states–Israeli alliance against Iran, International Maritime Security Construct, 2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone, December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria, Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad, United States threat for destruction of Iranian cultural sites, 2020 Iranian attack on U.S. forces in Iraq, February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria, Iran, North Korea, Syria Nonproliferation Act, Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act, Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act, Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act, United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran. [266] Mark Fitzpatrick of the International Institute for Strategic Studies said that Iran's accusations regarding the IAEA "are a new low. Shrouding of the containment vessel building. "In terms of what happens afterward, at that point, if they have not suspended all uranium enrichment activities, they will not be in compliance with the resolution," he said. Although Iranians presented an offer, which included voluntary restrictions on the enrichment volume and output, it was rejected. The Museum is conceived not only as an educational institution where visitors learn about techniques or what period an object comes from, but also as a place where one is confronted emotionally by the objects and their quality as works of art. The work plan reflected agreement on "modalities for resolving the remaining safeguards implementation issues, including the long outstanding issues." This article is a stub. [7] Russian analyst Alexei Arbatov, said "no hard facts on violation of the NPT per se have been discovered" and also wrote that "all this is not enough to accuse Iran of a formal breach of the letter of the NPT" and "giving Iran the benefit of the doubt, there is no hard evidence of its full-steam development of a military nuclear program."[430]. Jon Wolfsthal, "Iran Hosts IAEA Mission; Syria Signs Safeguard Pact", Arms Control Today, vol. [85], Estimating when Iran might possibly achieve nuclear "breakout" capability, defined as having produced a sufficient quantity of highly enriched uranium to fuel a weapon – if a working design for one existed and the political decision to assemble it was made – is uncertain. In this atmosphere, though few countries are willing to believe Iran's denials about nuclear arms, few are willing to accept the United States' weapons intelligence without question. We are not just prepared to do it for the exercise. [353] Turkey and Brazil criticized the sanctions proposal. The Iranian government has repeatedly made compromise offers to place strict limits on its nuclear program beyond what the Non-Proliferation Treaty and the Additional Protocol legally require of Iran, in order to ensure that the program cannot be secretly diverted to the manufacture of weapons. China and Iran are rumored to be finalizing a $400 billion deal which would deepen economic, political, and militarily ties between two of America's chief adversaries. Ahmadinejad told state television that he believed further negotiations with world powers over his country's nuclear program were not needed, describing warnings by Western powers that Iran would be isolated if it fails to accept the UN-proposed deal as "ridiculous. [273], The negotiations between Ahmadinejad's government and the P5+1 group did not end the dispute due to Iran's firm stance on not suspending uranium enrichment. [425] Director of the Australian Nonproliferation and Safeguards Organization and then Chairman of IAEA Standing Advisory Group on Safeguards Implementation[426] John Carlson wrote in considering the case of Iran that "formally IAEA Board of Governors (BOG) decisions concern compliance with safeguards agreements, rather than the NPT as such, but in practical terms non-compliance with a safeguards agreement constitutes non-compliance with the NPT."[427]. [406] ElBaradei later noted that these documents could not be shared because of the need to protect sources and methods, but noted that this allowed Iran to question their authenticity. The Iranian regime arms, funds, and advises Hezbollah. Our documentation resides on its own site and this wiki is strictly a contributor workspace. [241], In explaining why it had left its enrichment program undeclared to the IAEA, Iran said that for the past twenty-four years it has "been subject to the most severe series of sanctions and export restrictions on material and technology for peaceful nuclear technology," so that some elements of its program had to be done discreetly. According to this report, the IAEA had no evidence of a current, undeclared nuclear program in Iran, and all of the remaining issues listed in the Modalities Agreement regarding past undeclared nuclear activities had been resolved, with the exception of the "Alleged Studies" issue. The exchange of technical information with Iran was personally approved by the SVR director Trubnikov. The Agency has no credible indications of activities in Iran relevant to the development of a nuclear explosive device after 2009. The Germans leaked this news in the first public Western intelligence report of a post-revolutionary nuclear weapons program in Iran. [275], President George W. Bush insisted on 31 August 2006, that "there must be consequences" for Iran's defiance of demands that it stop enriching uranium. The Iran nuclear deal was designed to curb Iran's ability to produce nuclear weapons, in exchange for the removal of sanctions on Iran. Wikipedia:WikiProject Iran/Expert Wikipedians in Iran-related issues. [236] However, in July 2012, a poll on an Iranian state-run media outlet found that 2/3 Iranians support suspending uranium enrichment in return for a gradual easing of sanctions. [157] The laptop was reportedly received from a "longtime contact" in Iran who obtained it from someone else now believed to be dead. The UN Security Council has passed eight resolutions on Iran: The IAEA has consistently stated it is unable to conclude that Iran's nuclear program is entirely peaceful. [320] The EU's High Representative for Foreign Affairs Catherine Ashton felt compelled to make a special visit to Netanyahu, partly to keep him from again voicing his negativity and opposition to the negotiations. Tehran, March 20, The Iran Project – When the New Year arrives, it brings new ideas and hopes for us to make… Continue March 20, 2016. [409][410][411][412] Some IAEA officials have requested a clear statement be made by the agency that it could not affirm the documents' authenticity. Qatar / Iran: Exploitant Qatar Petroleum - National Iranian Oil Company: Historique; Découverte 1971 Début de la production 1989 Géolocalisation sur la carte : golfe Persique North Dome, North Field ou encore South Pars est un gisement offshore de gaz naturel situé à cheval entre les eaux territoriales de l'Iran et du Qatar dans le golfe Persique. In a 19 February 2009, report to the Board of Governors,[165] IAEA Director General ElBaradei reported that Iran continued to enrich uranium contrary to the decisions of the Security Council and had produced over a ton of low enriched uranium. [113] In September 2005, IAEA Director General Mohammad ElBaradei reported that "most" highly enriched uranium traces found in Iran by agency inspectors came from imported centrifuge components, validating Iran's claim that the traces were due to contamination. [140], In February 2007, anonymous diplomats at the atomic energy agency reportedly complained that most US intelligence shared with the IAEA had proved inaccurate, and none had led to significant discoveries inside Iran. [183], In November 2009, the IAEA's 35-nation Board of Governors overwhelmingly backed a demand of the US, Russia, China, and three other powers that Iran immediately stop building its newly revealed nuclear facility and freeze uranium enrichment. In exchange, Iran will receive relief from sanctions of approximately US$7 billion (£4.3 billion) and no additional sanctions will be imposed. [128], Qolam Ali Hadad-adel, speaker of Iran's parliament, said on 30 August 2006, that Iran had the right to "peaceful application of nuclear technology and all other officials agree with this decision," according to the semi-official Iranian Students News Agency. I hope that it would be perceived as a win-win situation. [335] [315] Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu said, however, that Iran had been given a "freebie",[316] a charge that was sharply rebutted by Barack Obama. C This article has been rated as C-Class on the project's quality scale. The Arak facility, located 150 miles south of Teheran, is part of a larger project of building a heavy-water reactor in the city. [citation needed] "[370] Following further negotiation of implementation details, a summary of which was released by the White House on 16 January 2014, implementation began 20 January 2014. The Shah approved plans to construct up to 23 nuclear power stations by 2000. [126] Featured in these images is a new tunnel entrance near the Uranium Conversion Facility (UCF) at Esfahan and continued construction at the Natanz uranium enrichment site. If you would like to join the project, simply add your name to the list of participants. After six rounds of talks the parties missed the deadline for reaching a deal and agreed to extend the negotiations through 24 November. US and European companies scrambled to do business in Iran. [7] In November 2011, the IAEA reported credible evidence that Iran had been conducting experiments aimed at designing a nuclear bomb until 2003, and that research may have continued on a smaller scale after that time. "It, quite clearly, I think, underscores that Iran does not need its own enrichment capability if its intentions, as it states, are for a peaceful nuclear program," he said. [317] In the lead up to the second round of negotiations in May, and in what may foreshadow a significant concession, an unnamed senior US official hinted the United States might accept Iran enriching uranium to five per cent so long as the Iranians agreed to tough international oversight of the process. "They should know that the Iranian nation will not yield to pressure and will not let its rights be trampled on," Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad told a crowd 31 August 2006, in a televised speech in the northwestern Iranian city of Orumiyeh. [288], On 7 April 2009, a Manhattan district attorney charged a financier with the suspected misuse of Manhattan banks employed to transfer money between China and Iran by way of Europe and the United States. In part, that is because American officials, citing the need to protect their source, have largely refused to provide details of the origins of the laptop computer beyond saying that they obtained it in mid-2004 from a longtime contact in Iran. However, the Islamic Republic reneged on its promise to permit the IAEA to carry out their inspections and suspended the Additional Protocol agreement outlined above in October 2005.[99]. In front of his strongest supporters in one of his provincial power bases, the Iranian leader attacked what he called "intimidation" by the United Nations, which he said was led by the United States. "[311], In April 2018, Mike Pompeo, US Secretary of State nominee at the time, said that he believed that Iran had not been "racing" to develop a nuclear weapon before the finalization of the Iran deal and that it would not do so if the deal were to unravel, although he favored a "fix" of the deal.[312]. This article is a stub. Home. The following day (22 September) IAEA Director General ElBaradei informed the United States, and two days later (24 September) the United States, United Kingdom and France briefed the IAEA on an enrichment facility under construction at an underground location at Fordu, 42 kilometres (26 mi) north of Qom. Although we do not know whether Iran currently intends to develop nuclear weapons, we assess Tehran at a minimum is keeping open the option to develop them... develop nuclear weapons, we assess Tehran at a minimum is keeping open the option to develop them. [383] On 5 November 2019, Iranian nuclear chief Ali Akbar Salehi announced that Iran will enrich uranium to 5% at the Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant, adding the country had the capability to enrich uranium to 20% if needed. [4] Following the 1979 Revolution, most of the international nuclear cooperation with Iran was cut off. [363][364][365], Foreign Ministers of the P5+1 met in September 2013 on the margins of the United Nations General Assembly, and were joined by Iranian Foreign Minister Zarif. While capable of incredible destructive powers and equipped with highly advanced and destructive weaponry, the Iron Giant would not ever want to harm anyone or any living thing. The source added: "It is inconclusive if Majnoon is a border field or not with Iran. Under the terms of the Paris Agreement,[102] on 14 November 2004, Iran's chief nuclear negotiator announced a voluntary and temporary suspension of its uranium enrichment program (enrichment is not a violation of the NPT) and the voluntary implementation of the Additional Protocol, after pressure from the United Kingdom, France, and Germany acting on behalf of the European Union (EU, known in this context as the EU-3). On 6 May 1988, French premier Jacques Chirac signed an accord with Iran: France agreed to accept Iran back in its share-holder status of Eurodif and to deliver it enriched uranium "without restrictions". The actual resumption of the program coincided with the election of President Mahmoud Ahmedinejad, and the appointment of Ali Larijani as the chief Iranian nuclear negotiator. Iran's nuclear program was launched in the 1950s with the help of the United States as part of the Atoms for Peace program. [264], On 17 September 2012, speaking at the IAEA General Conference, Iranian nuclear chief Fereydoun Abbasi attacked the IAEA, saying that "terrorists and saboteurs" had possibly infiltrated the IAEA in order to derail Iran's nuclear program. You can place the following userbox {{User WPIran}} on your user page to show you are a member of WikiProject Iran. [261], On 22 April 2007, Iranians foreign ministry spokesman Mohammad Ali Hosseini announced that his country rules out enrichment suspension ahead of talks with EU foreign policy chief Javier Solana on 25 April 2007. [249] More recently, the Iranians have reportedly also offered to operate uranium centrifuges that automatically self-destruct if they are used to enrich uranium beyond what is required for civilian purposes. Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia, created and edited by volunteers around the world and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. [262], In March 2009 Iran announced plans to open the Bushehr nuclear power plant to tourism as a way to highlight their peaceful nuclear intentions. After August 2019!) Wikis. President Ahmadinejad made the announcement in a televised address from the northeastern city of Mashhad, where he said "I am officially announcing that Iran joined the group of those countries which have nuclear technology." [269][270] In an interview on the sidelines of the IAEA General Conference. [393], Iran's top nuclear scientist, Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, was assassinated in Tehran, Iran on 27 November 2020. Fakhrizadeh was believed to be the primary force behind Iran's covert nuclear program for many decades. Object type: Panel: Date (1600 - 1625) Dimensions: Height: 740 mm (29.13 in); Width: 1,070 mm (42.12 in) ... (Details of level on Google Art Project) room Gallery 6 (Details of room on Google Art Project) Accession number: TE.204.2010. Tehran Housing, Iran, Central Pavilion (1981) . That's a significant development. It noted the IAEA chief Mohammed El-Baradei cannot confirm that Iran's nuclear program is exclusively geared toward peaceful uses, and expressed "serious concern" that Iran's stonewalling of an IAEA probe means "the possibility of military dimensions to Iran's nuclear program" cannot be excluded. "They say they support dialog and the free flow of information," he said. The horrible war is a prediction by voyant and kabbalist Michel Nostradamus. [248] These offers include operating Iran's nuclear program as an international consortium, with the full participation of foreign governments. Also, in paragraph 16, the IAEA report states: "The Agency received much of this information only in electronic form and was not authorised to provide copies to Iran." The US shift was reportedly made for the pragmatic reason that unconditional demands for zero enrichment would make it impossible to reach a negotiated deal. Oman's Sultan Qaboos bin Said acted as mediator between the two governments. "[334] IAEA officials confirmed it has enriched uranium "up to 19.8%". [37] However, the US government "directly intervened" to discourage IAEA assistance in Iranian production of UO2 and UF6. We mostly recommend, and proudly present: [263], Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad on 1 December brushed aside the threat of UN sanctions over his country's failure to accept a UN-proposed deal on its nuclear program, stating that such a move by western nations would not hinder Iran's nuclear program. The Institute was founded in January 2008. On 25 September, at the G-20 Summit, the three countries criticized Iran for once again concealing a nuclear facility from the IAEA. "Senator says Iran, Iraq seek N-Bomb". "[156], According to the report, the IAEA shared intelligence with Iran recently provided by the US regarding "alleged studies" on a nuclear weaponization program. Reinstatement of some of the chamber building's features, for example wall panels and exhaust piping. Iran is a US embargoed nation and may not be affiliated with the Fedora Project on our wiki, nor may it receive media from the Project. In May 2018, former U.S. … We are living in a new century ... Nuclear energy must not be equaled to a nuclear bomb. Halted Nuclear Bid By Iran; China, Argentina Agreed to Cancel Technology Transfers", "Iran's Nuclear Program. The Iranians indicated that while they would not be willing to give up their right to enrichment in principle, they were willing to[119] consider the compromise solution. The report does not indicate whether Iran accepted or rejected these proposals. It is not part of the encyclopedia and contains non-article pages, or groups articles by status rather than subject. In turn, Sofidif acquired a 25 per cent share in Eurodif, which gave Iran its 10 per cent share of Eurodif. Facing Israel means facing the US. -Reuters 03/29/21. [69], To address concerns that its enrichment program may be diverted to non-peaceful uses,[70] Iran has offered to place additional restrictions on its enrichment program including, for example, ratifying the Additional Protocol to allow more stringent inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency, operating the uranium enrichment facility at Natanz as a multinational fuel center with the participation of foreign representatives, renouncing plutonium reprocessing and immediately fabricating all enriched uranium into reactor fuel rods. [359], President Hassan Rouhani declared that Iran's nuclear program would be "limitless" while the country launches the third phase of quitting from the 2015 nuclear deal. Negotiations took place with France in the late 1980s and with Argentina in the early 1990s, and agreements were reached. The project was formed by Iranian Wikipedians on 18 March 2006. [202] Though Iran was continuing to install thousands of additional centrifuges, these were based on an erratic and outdated design, both in its main enrichment plant at Natanz and in a smaller facility at Fordow buried deep underground. "[64], In exchange for suspending its enrichment program, Iran has been offered "a long-term comprehensive arrangement which would allow for the development of relations and cooperation with Iran based on mutual respect and the establishment of international confidence in the exclusively peaceful nature of Iran's nuclear program. If we see what I have been observing in the last couple of days that it is an "empty dressing", I think it is a wrong approach...we lost six years of failed policy frankly vis-à-vis Iran. [115], On 4 February 2006, the 35 member Board of Governors of the IAEA voted 27–3 (with five abstentions: Algeria, Belarus, Indonesia, Libya and South Africa) to report Iran to the UN Security Council. The project was formed by Iranian Wikipedians on 18 March 2006. Nevertheless, the report reiterated that the IAEA would not be able to verify the exclusively peaceful nature of Iran's nuclear program unless Iran adopted "transparency measures" which exceeded its safeguards agreement with the IAEA, since the IAEA does not verify the absence of undeclared nuclear activities in any country unless the Additional Protocol is in force. The IAEA launched an investigation in 2003 after an Iranian dissident group revealed undeclared nuclear activities carried out by Iran. According to 15 September 2008 IAEA report on the implementation of safeguards in Iran,[161] Iran continued to provide the IAEA with access to declared nuclear material and activities, which continued to be operated under safeguards and with no evidence of any diversion of nuclear material for non-peaceful uses. The UK, France, and Germany said that Iran has "no credible civilian use for uranium metal" and called the news "deeply concerning" because of its "potentially grave military implications. Both facilities were already subject to IAEA inspections and safeguards. The Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS) said that the purpose of the pink tarpaulin could be to hide further "clean-up work" from satellites. Following the implementation of the Modalities Agreement, the IAEA issued another report on the status of Iran's nuclear program on 22 February 2008. In addition, a series of images dating back to 2002 shows the underground enrichment buildings and its subsequent covering by soil, concrete, and other materials. [182], In September 2009, IAEA Director General Mohamed El Baradei that Iran had broken the law by not disclosing its second uranium enrichment site near Qom sooner. "[334][336] On the same day as the President's announcement, Ali Akbar Salehi, head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, told Reuters that their 20 per cent enrichment production, was going "very well," adding "There is no limit on enrichment. [237][238][239][240] Meir Javedanfar, an Iranian-born commentator with the Middle East Economic and Political Analysis Company, stated that while Iranians may want nuclear energy, they don't want it at the price the government is willing to pay. As of 19 February, 12,699 IR-1 centrifuges have been installed at Natanz. The report stated that the IAEA had requested, as a voluntary "transparency measure", to be allowed access to centrifuge manufacturing sites, but that Iran had refused the request.